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Reference / Key Dates

Tax Deadlines at a Glance

Federal deadlines for calendar-year filers. Any date that lands on a weekend or legal holiday moves to the next business day. States run on their own calendars.

Annual returns

Pass-through entities file first. Everyone else follows a month later.

March 15Pass-throughs
Partnerships and multi-member LLCs (Form 1065) and S-corporations (Form 1120-S). K-1s go out to owners on this date, which is why personal returns come later.
April 15Individuals & C-corps
Individuals (Form 1040), including sole proprietors and single-member LLCs filing Schedule C. C-corporations (Form 1120). Also the deadline for prior-year IRA and HSA contributions.
May 15Exempt organizations
Nonprofits and tax-exempt organizations (Form 990 series).

Quarterly estimated taxes

The payment periods aren't even quarters. Two of them are shorter than three months, which is where people get caught short.

April 15Q1
Income earned January through March. Same day as the annual return, so it's easy to pay one and forget the other.
June 15Q2
Income earned April and May. Two months, not three.
September 15Q3
Income earned June through August.
January 15Q4
Income earned September through December, paid in the following year.
Use the Estimated Tax Safe Harbor Calculator to set the floor that stops penalties, and the Business Tax Budgeter to set the money aside monthly instead of scrambling the week before.

Payroll and information returns

If you have employees, contractors, or an S-corp election on the horizon, these matter as much as the annual return.

January 31Recipient copies
W-2s and 1099-NECs to recipients and to the government. Also Form 940 (federal unemployment) for the prior year.
Apr 30 · Jul 31
Oct 31 · Jan 31Payroll returns
Form 941 quarterly payroll returns, due the month after each quarter closes. Deposits themselves run on a separate semiweekly or monthly schedule.
March 15S-corp election
Form 2553 to have S status apply to the current tax year. Two months and fifteen days after the year starts. See the S-Corp Playbook.

Extensions

An extension is automatic if you file it on time. It's also widely misunderstood.

What it gives you

  • Six more months to file, no explanation required
  • September 15 for extended 1065 and 1120-S returns
  • October 15 for extended 1040 and 1120 returns
Extending is neutral. It doesn't raise audit risk and it's often the right call when K-1s or books aren't final.

What it doesn't

  • Give you more time to pay (the balance is still due on the original date)
  • Stop interest or late-payment penalties on an unpaid balance
  • Cover your state automatically in every state
Pay your best estimate with the extension. Filing late without one is a separate and much larger penalty than paying late.

Easy ones to miss

The dates above are the simple part. These are what actually generate the notices.

State deadlines run separately

Own due dates, own extension forms, own estimate schedules. Some states require a separate extension even when the federal one is automatic.

Fiscal-year filers

Nothing above applies by date. Pass-throughs file the 15th day of the third month after year end; individuals and C-corps, the fourth.

Late pass-through penalties

The failure-to-file penalty on a 1065 or 1120-S is assessed per owner, per month. A late return with zero tax due still gets expensive.

Collect W-9s before you pay

Chasing contractor information in January is the reason 1099s go out late. Get the W-9 before the first check clears, not after year end.

Know the date. Then know the number.

A calendar keeps you compliant. It doesn't tell you what you'll owe or whether your structure still fits. That's what the playbooks are for.

This overview is general educational information, not tax, legal, or accounting advice, and it does not create a professional relationship. Dates shown are federal deadlines for calendar-year filers and shift for weekends, legal holidays, disaster relief, and fiscal-year elections. Confirm your own deadlines with a qualified tax professional.

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